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      <a href="/2018/06/02/component-with-itself/" title="一个组件的自我修养" itemprop="url">一个组件的自我修养</a>
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      <a href="https://godbasin.github.io" title="被删">被删</a>
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    <time datetime="2018-06-02T03:07:40.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2018-06-02</time>
    更新日期:<time datetime="2018-08-18T12:58:12.143Z" itemprop="dateModified">2018-08-18</time>
    
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			<strong class="toc-title">文章目录</strong>
		<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#组件的划分"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">组件的划分</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#通过视觉和交互划分"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">通过视觉和交互划分</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#通过代码复用划分"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">通过代码复用划分</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#组件的封装"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">组件的封装</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#独立的组件"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">独立的组件</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#组件与外界"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">组件与外界</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol>
		</div>
		
		<p>曾经我在面试的时候，面试官问我，觉得做过的有意思的东西是什么，答组件相关的。结果被面试官鄙视了，sign~不过呢，再小的设计，当你把满腔热情和各种想法放进里面，它似乎有了灵魂。或许是我当时面试的表达，没有传达到真正的想法，那么在这里，我希望能很好地表达。<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<h1 id="组件的划分"><a href="#组件的划分" class="headerlink" title="组件的划分"></a>组件的划分</h1><hr>
<p>前面我们简单说明了下组件的封装和划分，参考<a href="https://godbasin.github.io/2018/05/26/app-component-isolation/">《页面区块化与应用组件化》</a>。</p>
<h2 id="通过视觉和交互划分"><a href="#通过视觉和交互划分" class="headerlink" title="通过视觉和交互划分"></a>通过视觉和交互划分</h2><p>通常来说，组件的划分，与视觉、交互等密切相关，我们可通过功能、独立性来判断是否适合作为一个组件。</p>
<p>这次我们拿知乎的内容卡片来说吧，上图：</p>
<p><img src="https://github-imglib-1255459943.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/1524128850.jpg" alt="image"></p>
<p>可以看到，这里我们每个卡片，内容都稍微有些不一样。但毫无疑问，它们拥有相同的功能，可通过一个组件来控制内容的展示。</p>
<p>那么我们大概可以这样来表示这个组件（为了方便，该文章大部分代码基于 Vue 来表示吧）：</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">my-card</span> <span class="attr">:innerData</span>=<span class="string">"eachCardData"</span> <span class="attr">:cardType</span>=<span class="string">"'videoCard' | 'photoCard' | 'textCard'"</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">my-card</span>&gt;</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>其中，innerData 传入卡片内容，包括标题、文字、图片、附加信息（点赞数、评论数、日期等）。<br>同时，我们可以通过 cardType 来告诉组件，这是个视频类型、图片类型、还是纯文字类型的内容，来让组件控制内容和样式展示。</p>
<h2 id="通过代码复用划分"><a href="#通过代码复用划分" class="headerlink" title="通过代码复用划分"></a>通过代码复用划分</h2><p>我们在写代码的时候，观察到一些代码，他们在结构和功能上其实是可复用的，这个时候我们也可以通过封装的办法，把它们封装一起，以减少重复的代码。</p>
<p>同样的，我们拿右侧的一个快捷导航模块来看：</p>
<p><img src="https://github-imglib-1255459943.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/1524131302%281%29.jpg" alt="image"></p>
<p>一般来说，从功能划分的话，我们会把外面那层封装成一整个组件：</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">quick-link-panel</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">v-for</span>=<span class="string">"item in quickLinkItem"</span>&gt;</span>...<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">quick-link-panel</span>&gt;</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这时候有人跑出来说，每一行我们都可以视为独立的一个组件，看：</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">quick-link-line</span> <span class="attr">link</span>=<span class="string">"where/to/go"</span> <span class="attr">:text</span>=<span class="string">"lineText"</span> <span class="attr">:tagNum</span>=<span class="string">"numberWithTag"</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">quick-link-line</span>&gt;</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>Emmmmmmm。。好像这样也看不出来区别把？似乎也没有简化到什么代码？</p>
<p>不！对方说，在这样的模块里面就可以快速使用了：</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">quick-link-panel-with-text</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">h1</span>&gt;</span>我可是有标题的噢<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">h1</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">quick-link-line</span> <span class="attr">v-for</span>=<span class="string">"item in quickLinkItem"</span> <span class="attr">:link</span>=<span class="string">"item.link"</span> <span class="attr">:text</span>=<span class="string">"item.lineText"</span> <span class="attr">:tagNum</span>=<span class="string">"item.numberWithTag"</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">quick-link-line</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">quick-link-panel-with-text</span>&gt;</span>&gt;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>=.=好吧，可能这里举得例子不够特别鲜明。不过大抵意思是这样啦。</p>
<p>但其实这不是很好运用的一种方式，因为控制不好的话，可能你的代码会过度封装，导致别人在维护的时候，表示：卧槽！！！这得跳多少层才能找到想看的代码！！！</p>
<h1 id="组件的封装"><a href="#组件的封装" class="headerlink" title="组件的封装"></a>组件的封装</h1><hr>
<p>怎样才能算是一个合格的组件呢？我们在设计的时候，经常要考虑解耦，但很多时候，过度的解耦反而会导致项目复杂度变高，维护性降低。</p>
<h2 id="独立的组件"><a href="#独立的组件" class="headerlink" title="独立的组件"></a>独立的组件</h2><p>组件的独立性，可以包括以下几个方面：</p>
<ul>
<li>维护自身的数据和状态、作用域</li>
<li>维护自身的事件</li>
</ul>
<p>同样拿之前的内容卡片来看：</p>
<p><img src="https://github-imglib-1255459943.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/1524133892%281%29.jpg" alt="image"></p>
<p>这是个独立的卡片：</p>
<ol>
<li>它拥有自己的数据，包括标题、文字、图片、点赞数、评论数、日期等。</li>
<li>它拥有自身的状态，是否已点赞、是否已收藏、是否详细展示内容、是否展示评论等。</li>
<li>它维护着自己的事件，包括点击分享、收藏、点赞、回复等等。</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">template</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">h2</span>&gt;</span>&#123;&#123;model.question&#125;&#125;<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">h2</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">:class</span>=<span class="string">"isContextShown ? 'content-detail' : 'content-brief'"</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">v-if</span>=<span class="string">"model.withImage"</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">img</span> <span class="attr">:url</span>=<span class="string">"model.imageUrl"</span> /&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span>&#123;&#123;model.content&#125;&#125;<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">span</span> @<span class="attr">click</span>=<span class="string">"likeIt()"</span>&gt;</span>点赞<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">span</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">span</span> @<span class="attr">click</span>=<span class="string">"keepIt()"</span>&gt;</span>收藏<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">span</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">template</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="javascript"></span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">default</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">name</span>: <span class="string">'my-card'</span>,</div><div class="line">  data() &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">      <span class="attr">model</span>: &#123;&#125;,</div><div class="line">      <span class="attr">isContextShown</span>: <span class="literal">false</span></div><div class="line">    &#125;;</div><div class="line">  &#125;,</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">methods</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">    likeIt() &#123;&#125;,</div><div class="line">    keepIt() &#123;&#125;</div><div class="line">  &#125;,</div><div class="line">  mounted() &#123;&#125;</div><div class="line">&#125;;</div><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>嗯，去掉很多功能之后，大概是这么简单的一个组件吧[捂脸]。</p>
<h2 id="组件与外界"><a href="#组件与外界" class="headerlink" title="组件与外界"></a>组件与外界</h2><p>我们在保持组件独立性的时候，当然还需要考虑它与外界的交互，主要包括：</p>
<p><strong>对外提供配置项，来控制展示以及具体功能。</strong></p>
<p>这里最简单的，我们每个卡片都需要传入内容，我们一次性拉取列表数据，并传入每个卡片，在 Vue 中可以使用 props。</p>
<p><strong>对外提供查询接口，可从外界获取组件状态。</strong></p>
<p>这个的话，更多时候我们是通过事件等方式来告诉外界一些事情。在这里举个例子，我们这里假设一个页面只允许一个卡片内容处于详细展开状态，故我们需要获取其展开的操作，方便控制。</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div><div class="line">36</div><div class="line">37</div><div class="line">38</div><div class="line">39</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">template</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">h2</span>&gt;</span>&#123;&#123;model.question&#125;&#125;<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">h2</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span> @<span class="attr">click</span>=<span class="string">"toggleContext()"</span> <span class="attr">:class</span>=<span class="string">"isContextShown ? 'content-detail' : 'content-brief'"</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">v-if</span>=<span class="string">"model.withImage"</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">img</span> <span class="attr">:url</span>=<span class="string">"model.imageUrl"</span> /&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span>&#123;&#123;model.content&#125;&#125;<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">span</span> @<span class="attr">click</span>=<span class="string">"likeIt()"</span>&gt;</span>点赞<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">span</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">            <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">span</span> @<span class="attr">click</span>=<span class="string">"keepIt()"</span>&gt;</span>收藏<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">span</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">template</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span><span class="javascript"></span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">default</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">name</span>: <span class="string">'my-card'</span>,</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">props</span>: &#123; <span class="comment">// 传入数据</span></div><div class="line">    model: &#123;</div><div class="line">      <span class="attr">type</span>: <span class="built_in">Object</span>,</div><div class="line">      <span class="attr">default</span>: <span class="function"><span class="params">()</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;&#125;</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line">  &#125;,</div><div class="line">  data() &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">      <span class="attr">isContextShown</span>: <span class="literal">false</span></div><div class="line">    &#125;;</div><div class="line">  &#125;,</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">methods</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">    likeIt() &#123;&#125;,</div><div class="line">    keepIt() &#123;&#125;,</div><div class="line">    toggleContext() &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="comment">// 点击展开/收起的时候通知</span></div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">this</span>.isContextShown = !<span class="keyword">this</span>.isContextShown;</div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">this</span>.$emit(<span class="string">'toggle'</span>, <span class="keyword">this</span>.isContextShown);</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line">  &#125;,</div><div class="line">  mounted() &#123;&#125;</div><div class="line">&#125;;</div><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>简单调整之后，我们会这样使用：</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">my-card</span> <span class="attr">:model</span>=<span class="string">"cardModel"</span> @<span class="attr">toggle</span>=<span class="string">"doSomething()"</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">my-card</span>&gt;</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这是最简单的对内和对外的联系，对一个组件来说，它也有 in 和 out 两个方向的流动。</p>
<p>在 Vue 里，如果父组件需要获取子组件的实例，也可以通过通过<code>vm.$refs</code>来获取。</p>
<h1 id="结束语"><a href="#结束语" class="headerlink" title="结束语"></a>结束语</h1><hr>
<p>这里主要从单个组件的角度来进行说明，搭配一点点的代码，防止文字太多难以理解。<br>其实组件的封装，与我们很相似。我们需要拥有独立的空间，但不能完全封闭，我们需要从其他地方获取能量，同时也需要反馈给其他人，来完成更多的协助与配合。</p>
  
		
		<p style="margin-top:50px;">查看Github有更多内容噢：<a href="https://github.com/godbasin">https://github.com/godbasin</a></p>
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	<img src="https://github-imglib-1255459943.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/2code2.jpg" width="200" height="200" style="display:block;margin: 0 auto;" />
	<p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;">码生艰难，写文不易，给我家猪囤点猫粮了喵~</p>
	<div class="author-right">
  		<p>作者：被删</p>
  		<p>出处：<a href="https://godbasin.github.io">https://godbasin.github.io</a></p>
  		<p>本文版权归作者所有，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明，且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接，否则保留追究法律责任的权利。</p>
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  <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#组件的划分"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">组件的划分</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#通过视觉和交互划分"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">通过视觉和交互划分</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#通过代码复用划分"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">通过代码复用划分</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#组件的封装"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">组件的封装</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#独立的组件"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">独立的组件</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#组件与外界"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">组件与外界</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol>
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    };
  };
  var m = $('#main'),
      a = $('#asidepart'),
      c = $('.closeaside'),
      o = $('.openaside');
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    getSize(); 
    if (myWidth >= 1024) {
      $('header nav').removeClass('shownav');
    }else
    {
      m.removeClass('moveMain');
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      o.css('display', 'none');
      
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});
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  </body>
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